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[[File:Caps-Header.jpg|center]]
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=='''A review of caps and closures developments'''==
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= A review of caps and closures developments =


'''It was a Swiss designer named Albert Obrist who in 1970 developed the first plastic top for CSD drinks bottles with the injection-moulded onepiece HDPE cap. Originally intended for use with returnable glass bottles, his idea quickly attracted the interest of the PET bottle industry which increased sharply at the end of the 1970s. The key advantages of the HDPE cap over its aluminium counterpart were considered to be, firstly that damage to the bottle mouth caused by rolling the aluminium caps onto the neck finish could be avoided, and secondly that the HDPE caps were more compatible with the precise geometries of the PET thread. Obrist’s innovations were subsequently incorporated into the Crown Cork and Seal Company’s operations during the mid-1980s.'''
'''It was a Swiss designer named Albert Obrist who in 1970 developed the first plastic top for CSD drinks bottles with the injection-moulded onepiece HDPE cap. Originally intended for use with returnable glass bottles, his idea quickly attracted the interest of the PET bottle industry which increased sharply at the end of the 1970s. The key advantages of the HDPE cap over its aluminium counterpart were considered to be, firstly that damage to the bottle mouth caused by rolling the aluminium caps onto the neck finish could be avoided, and secondly that the HDPE caps were more compatible with the precise geometries of the PET thread. Obrist’s innovations were subsequently incorporated into the Crown Cork and Seal Company’s operations during the mid-1980s.'''


At the same point in the 20th century, the Alcoa [[CSI]] acquired H-C Industries decided to approach the problem from a diff erent perspective and patented the compression moulding process for plastic CSD caps, resulting in the H-C Wing-Lok design. Compared with injection moulding, compression moulding output in those days sometimes was more than double.
At the same point in the 20th century, the Alcoa [[CSI]] acquired H-C Industries decided to approach the problem from a different perspective and patented the compression moulding process for plastic CSD caps, resulting in the H-C Wing-Lok design. Compared with injection moulding, compression moulding output in those days sometimes was more than double.


Since then, changing consumer needs, along with new trends in drinks, regulations and technological advances, have led to ever new innovations and improvements being made in the design of caps and closures. What has not changed, however, is the need for tight closures (under a variety of conditions) that protect a bottle’s contents, and which are easy to open and re-seal, can be incorporated within the package design and are cost effective to produce.  
Since then, changing consumer needs, along with new trends in drinks, regulations and technological advances, have led to ever new innovations and improvements being made in the design of caps and closures. What has not changed, however, is the need for tight closures (under a variety of conditions) that protect a bottle’s contents, and which are easy to open and re-seal, can be incorporated within the package design and are cost effective to produce.  
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'''„Caps & Closures weight developments over the past 20 years for still water and CSD (source: [[Sacmi]])'''
'''''Caps & Closures weight developments <br />over the past 20 years for still water and CSD (source: [[Sacmi]])'''''




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==Caps and closures – some highlights 1999 to 2019==
<big>'''Caps and closures – some highlights 1999 to 2019'''</big>
 
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Lightweight is still a hot topic: In issue 5 we report on Bericap’s new hot fill initiative, resulting in newly modified one-piece DoubleSeal 38 mm closures together with neck wall thicknesses of 2 mm – as a first step.
Lightweight is still a hot topic: In issue 5 we report on Bericap’s new hot fill initiative, resulting in newly modified one-piece DoubleSeal 38 mm closures together with neck wall thicknesses of 2 mm – as a first step.


In issue 6, [[MHT]] Mold & Hotrunner Technologies presents savings from lighter caps and threads, launching with the MHT-21Light thread family a lightweight alternative to the PCO 1810. [[CCT]] has been designing the cap for the new thread.


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'''Global caps and closures market, based on beverage container units filled and an estimated annual growth of 5.2% (source: Krones Group Annual Report 2017)'''
'''''Global caps and closures market, based on beverage container units filled <br />and an estimated annual growth of 5.2% (source: Krones Group Annual Report 2017)'''''
 
 
In issue 6, [[MHT]] Mold & Hotrunner Technologies presents savings from lighter caps and threads, launching with the MHT-21Light thread family a lightweight alternative to the PCO 1810. [[CCT]] has been designing the cap for the new thread.


<!-- Tabelle „Global caps and closures market, based on beverage container units filled and an estimated annual growth of 5.2% (source: [[Krones]] Group Annual Report 2017)“ -->
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A lightweight combination cap for the 1881 short neck format for both, carbonated drinks as well as still water, is close to launch ([[Corvaglia]], issue 1+2).
A lightweight combination cap for the 1881 short neck format for both, carbonated drinks as well as still water, is close to launch ([[Corvaglia]], issue 1+2).


A 26 mm closure range for edible oil, superseding the standard 29/21 neck finish has been developed by [[Bericap]], as we are covering in issue 1+2, generating weight savings. In issue 6, the company announces the launch of the DoubleSeal one-piece hot fill closure in the North American market, with reduced wall thicknesses.
A 26 mm closure range for edible oil, superseding the standard 29/21 neck finish has been developed by [[Bericap]], as we are covering in issue 1+2, generating weight savings.  
 
In issue 6, the company announces the launch of the DoubleSeal one-piece hot fill closure in the North American market, with reduced wall thicknesses.


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<big>''' 2017'''</big>
<big>''' 2017'''</big>
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[[File:Caps 6-300x250.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|1881 petal flower cap]]
Developed for aseptic filling of wide mouth bottles, [[RPC Group]] Obrist Madrid launched its 38 mm closure, as we report in issue 1+2.
Developed for aseptic filling of wide mouth bottles, [[RPC Group]] Obrist Madrid launched its 38 mm closure, as we report in issue 1+2.


At Interpack, [[United Caps]] presented, amongst other things, its 1881 petal flower cap. Developed for Wattwiller Mineral Waters, the unusual shape of the closure allows end-users to open bottles with minimum effort.
At Interpack, [[United Caps]] presented, amongst other things, its 1881 petal flower cap. Developed for Wattwiller Mineral Waters, the unusual shape of the closure allows end-users to open bottles with minimum effort.
[[File:Caps 6-300x250.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|1881 petal flower cap]]


For the 26 mm and 29 mm neck, [[Bericap]] developed higher closures with a better grip (issue 4). In the same article, product piracy and counterfeiting are being encountered with closures with a folded and slit tamper evidence band or with laser printing across the TE band and closure. In our [[Drinktec]] preview in issue 8, [[Bericap]] introduces an extremely light 28 mm PCO 1881 flat closure for non-carbonated beverages.
For the 26 mm and 29 mm neck, [[Bericap]] developed higher closures with a better grip (issue 4). In the same article, product piracy and counterfeiting are being encountered with closures with a folded and slit tamper evidence band or with laser printing across the TE band and closure. In our [[Drinktec]] preview in issue 8, [[Bericap]] introduces an extremely light 28 mm PCO 1881 flat closure for non-carbonated beverages.
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<big>''' 2018'''</big>
<big>''' 2018'''</big>
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[[File:Caps 5-300x215.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|SnapCap 26]]
[[File:Caps 5-300x215.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|SnapCap 26]]
[[File:Caps 3-300x201.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|38 mm 1-piece flip-top PP closure]]
[[File:Caps 4-e1549136109219-300x216.jpg|200px|thumbnail|left|UV barrier closure, developed for the dairy industry]]
We report in issue 1+2 on [[Bericap]]’s Neo 30/17 weight optimised version for the neck finish 30/25; the SnapCap 26: a hinge cap pressed on a lightweight 26/21 neck and the 33 mm neck closure for cold-aseptic or hot-filling recipes.
We report in issue 1+2 on [[Bericap]]’s Neo 30/17 weight optimised version for the neck finish 30/25; the SnapCap 26: a hinge cap pressed on a lightweight 26/21 neck and the 33 mm neck closure for cold-aseptic or hot-filling recipes.
[[File:Caps 3-300x201.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|38 mm 1-piece flip-top PP closure]]


[[Silgan Closures GmbH]] Closures develop a plug and play system: The K-Seal ensures full plug engagement to the water cooler spike (issue 1+2).
[[Silgan Closures GmbH]] Closures develop a plug and play system: The K-Seal ensures full plug engagement to the water cooler spike (issue 1+2).
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Continuous growth of aseptically processed beverages and an increase of on-the-go beverage formats are reasons for [[Aptar]] to launch a new sportscap in a wide mouth neck finish. The 38 mm 1-piece closure is described in issue 5.
Continuous growth of aseptically processed beverages and an increase of on-the-go beverage formats are reasons for [[Aptar]] to launch a new sportscap in a wide mouth neck finish. The 38 mm 1-piece closure is described in issue 5.
[[File:Caps 4-e1549136109219-300x216.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|UV barrier closure, developed for the dairy industry]]
 
For issue 10 we fly downunder, visiting Coca-Cola Amatil’s plant opening of their new sports cap production line. Being made entirely of HDPE, it is easier to recycle than the traditional mix of HDPE and PP.
For issue 10 we fly downunder, visiting Coca-Cola Amatil’s plant opening of their new sports cap production line. Being made entirely of HDPE, it is easier to recycle than the traditional mix of HDPE and PP.